This is a brief presentation of my mothertongue.
The Swedish language is a North Germanic language spoken primarly in Sweden and some parts of Finland. It has its origin in Old Norse, like Danish, Norwegian and Icelandic.
The Swedish language is closely related to Danish and they are both classed as East Scandinavian languages. The other languages are West Scandinavian. A person who speaks Swedish can communicate with people that are speaking Norwegian and with some difficulties even Danish-speakers. Due its influences from Low German during the Hansa trading era it has, like the Danish language, borrowed a lot of words. However, the pronounciation and spelling of these words differs a lot. The pronunciation is more similar to Norwegian (nynorsk) and it retains many other North Germanic features you find in the for example Icelandic (very close to Old Norse).
Influences
Many words come directly from Old Norse, but some are mainly borrowed from other languages, like German, Latin, Greek and of course English.
Structure
Swedish is less inflected than for example German and Icelandic, and similar to the other Scandinavian languages. It has two genders (or four) and no grammatical cases (older definition is Nominative and Genitive). The definiteness is marked by adding suffixes complemented by eithert definite or indefinite article in some cases. The same principles occur in Danish and Norwegian.
Declensions
These are two examples of declensions of words in the two existing genders in Swedish. The plurals may differ but the singular pattern usually stay the same. These are not the only declensions. There are five declensions,
Common
en vacker kvinna - a beautiful woman
den vackra kvinnan - the beautful woman
flera vackra kvinnor - many beautiful women
de vackra kvinnorna - the beautiful women
Articles en (a) and den (the/it) and suffix -n /-en are typical features of the common gender.
Neuter
ett stort hus - a big house
det stora huset - the big house
flera stora hus - many big houses
de stora husen - the big houses
Articles ett (a) and det (the/it) and suffix -et are typical features of the neuter gender.
Verbs
Verbs are also quite simple because there is just one form in each tense. These forms must of course be accompanied with a personal pronoun.
att springa - to run
Present: spinger - run/runs/is running
Preterite: sprang - ran
Past: har sprungit - have/has run
Future: kommer att/ska springa - will/ist going to run
There are other conjugations and compound tenses but this example is just to show you so you get an idea of how it is working.
This was a short introduction to the Swedish language. There are of course much more, but this shows that it is not a hard language to learn.
You find more here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_language.
Cheers!
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